Steps to Becoming an Electrician

Becoming an electrician can provide opportunities in various areas such as residential, commercial, industrial, and construction. Most aspiring electricians begin with an apprenticeship and, upon completion, can advance to roles like project supervisor, project manager, estimator, planner, instructor, or self-employed electrical contractor.

Prerequisites

To start the journey to becoming an electrician, the prerequisites are minimal. You’ll need either a high school diploma or a GED, and a passing score on an entrance evaluation. Some of the skills needed include:

• ​Basic math
• ​Competent reading
• ​Customer service
• ​Safety knowledge
• ​Ability to do hard labor
• ​Problem-solving
• ​Good communication
• ​Attention to detail

Entrance Evaluation

The entrance evaluation is an aptitude test that determines suitability for the trade or specific roles within it. The most common is the IBEW Aptitude Test. This 2.5-hour test includes reading, math, and a mechanical portion. Many test-takers find the algebra section challenging, so it’s important to study basic math and understand its field applications, such as how pulleys work and how loads are distributed.

If you do not pass, you must wait six months before retaking the test.

Criminal Background

Policies regarding criminal backgrounds vary by state. Eligibility for a Journeyman certification depends on the severity and timing of any crimes committed. There is no federal law preventing someone with a criminal record from becoming a certified electrician within their state. The IBEW (Electrician’s Union) also does not restrict membership based on criminal records. This makes a career as an electrician accessible to those seeking a fresh start and willing to work hard.

Vocational Training

To become an electrician, you must start with a training program such as a state-certified vocational school, technical training school, or by earning an undergraduate degree. These programs range from 10 months to 4 years. Securing an apprenticeship allows students to gain field experience while learning in the classroom, better preparing them for real-world scenarios.

Apprenticeship Program

Apprenticeship programs vary by state and are designed to provide high-quality training for a career in the electrician trade. Instruction from industry experts ensures a balance between classroom theory and practical application. Students can apply these skills in a work-like setting.

Apprenticeship Contract

Electrical apprentices must agree to a three-way contract between the employer, the government, and the apprentice. This legally binding agreement states that the apprentice will complete the program as outlined, and in return, the employer will train and pay them.

The general license is completed after 8,000 documented hours of on-the-job training evaluated by a Journeyperson or mentor.

Apprentice to Journeyperson

While progressing toward becoming a Journeyperson, apprentices develop skills with hand and power tools, fundamental wiring practices, conduit bending, service entrances, and troubleshooting. They also learn to apply the National Electrical Code.

Journeyman Certification

There is no federal electrician certification accepted across all 50 states. Each state has its own certification process and prerequisites. The most common certification is the Journeyman certification. Many states reciprocate Journeyman status or allow Journeymen from other states to sit for their test.

Eligibility

Common prerequisites to take the Journeyman test include:

• ​Completion of a state-recognized formal electrician training program (union or non-union)
• ​Accumulation of at least 8,000 work hours or 4 years of hands-on experience

After submitting your application, proof of hours worked, required fees, and being deemed eligible, you will receive a test date. Most Journeyman tests include a written portion with 100-120 multiple-choice questions. It is an open-book test using the N.E.C codebook. Specialized certifications (residential, low-voltage, fire alarm) have fewer, subject-specific questions.

Some states require a hands-on practical evaluation, while others do not.

Journeyman Certification Renewals

Journeyman certifications must be renewed periodically, similar to a driver’s license. Each state has different renewal policies, but all require a minimum amount of continuing education. For example, in California, you must renew your Journeyman card every 3 years and complete at least 32 hours of continuing education from a state-approved organization.

Continued training is crucial to stay current with advancements in the electrical field. Online options are available for ongoing education, allowing you to learn from experts at your own pace and convenience.